****DOFILE TURNOUT....... 	
clear
version 15

*set seed 12345
set more off

clear matrix
clear mata
set maxvar 32000

use "D:\Disco TEMP\PAPER\SYDNEY\autoc\autoturnout.dta"

*putting a label for competitive and non competi authoritarian elections

label define e_multiparty_elections 0"non competitive" 1 "competitive"
label values e_multiparty_elections e_multiparty_elections

sum IDEAregistered turnoutNohl IDEAvap turnoutvapNohl turnoutideavap turnoutvapNohl2 
gen diffturnoutreg= IDEAregistered-turnoutNohl

*egen panel2=group(ccodecow electype)
*xtset panel2 year

global sociodem2 "logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet"
global sociodem3 "logpopulation loggdppc soviet"
global instipol5 "compulsory concurrent PR Maj"
global region "Asia Africa America Oceania"
global sociodem5 "logpopulation2 logrealGDP logurbanrate soviet"

global options ", cluster (ccode year)"


************************FIGURE 1

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections votebuyVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM  boycotVDEM  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1, pairwise co(ar1) het
scatter turnoutNohl year if e(sample), xtitle("") ytitle("Turnout") title("" , size (Medium small))
graph save turnoutNohlFigure1.gph, replace

gen e_multiparty_elections2=e_multiparty_elections
label define e_multiparty_elections2 0"Uncompetitive" 1"Competitive"
label values e_multiparty_elections e_multiparty_elections2
 
graph box turnoutNohl if e(sample), over (e_multiparty_elections) ytitle("Turnout") title("" , size (Medium small))
graph save competturn.gph, replace
*graph combine turnoutNohlFigure1.gph competturn.gph, title("Turnout in 507 autocratic elections (156 non competitive; 351 competitive); 1960-2011")
graph combine turnoutNohlFigure1.gph competturn.gph

***********TABLE 1

*60
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections votebuyVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM  boycotVDEM  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1, pairwise co(ar1) het

sort e_multiparty_elections
by e_multiparty_elections: sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1960 & year<=1969
sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1960 & year<=1969

*70
sort e_multiparty_elections
by e_multiparty_elections: sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1970 & year<=1979
sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1970 & year<=1979

*80
sort e_multiparty_elections
by e_multiparty_elections: sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1980 & year<=1989
sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1980 & year<=1989

*90
sort e_multiparty_elections
by e_multiparty_elections: sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1990 & year<=1999
sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=1990 & year<=1999

*2000
sort e_multiparty_elections
by e_multiparty_elections: sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=2000 & year<=2011
sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) & year>=2000 & year<=2011

*all
sort e_multiparty_elections
by e_multiparty_elections: sum turnoutNohl if e(sample)
sum turnoutNohl if e(sample) 

***********TABLE 2
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections votebuyVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM  boycotVDEM  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1, pairwise co(ar1) het

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1,  pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1,  pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  boycotVDEM   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,  pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1    govintimidationVDEMcont   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1   elviolenceVDEMcont   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,   pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1   govvspeopleviolenceVDEM   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,  pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1   votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,  pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,  pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append


*Robustness checks
*1. Reducing 0.3
*2. Increasing 0.5 
*3 Other definition of autocracy according to cheibub gandhi and... 
*4 different type of estimation
*5 other robustness... cortar el 10% superior de los casos
*6 getting rid of the elections with a 95% turnout
*7 getting rid of the elections with a 90% turnout
*8 boix miller & rossato 
*9 fixed effects


***Original, 1 & 2 RC, 3 Other definition of autocracy according to cheibub gandhi; 4 Boix Miller and Rosato; 5 Magaloni et al.

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.3 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.5 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  chga_demo==0 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
 outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  e_boix_regime==0 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
 outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont if  typeregime>=2 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

*Original, *9 getting rid of the elections with a 95% turnout *10 getting rid of the elections with a 90% turnout
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & turnoutNohl<=95 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & turnoutNohl<=90 , pairwise co(ar1) het
 outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append


*Original. OTHER MEASURES: NELDA CIRI and PTS
*oppoallowed moreonepartylegal oppoban boycott oppohar violence previolence
*the measure of coercion, instead of the VDEM measure CIRI index and PTS

*xtmixed turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections votebuyVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM  boycotVDEM  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 || country:
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  oppoallowed boycott oppohar violence govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  moreonepartylegal boycott oppohar violence govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections votebuyVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont PTS_S   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections votebuyVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont ciri_kill   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

*4 different type of estimation and fixed effects (RC 12 & RC 13)
*Original (xtpsce), fixed effects, random effects , xtmixed 
*xtmixed turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections votebuyVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM  boycotVDEM  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 || country:
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,  pairwise co(ar1) het
 outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtreg turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM elviolenceVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM  votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1,fe robust
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtreg turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM  elviolenceVDEMcont govintimidationVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM  votebuyVDEMcont if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1, re robust
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtmixed turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 || country:
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append


***Original, exclude soviet cases (RC 14); exclude Asia, Europe, AMerica Africa. 

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
 outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & soviet==0 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
 outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & region!= 1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & region!= 2 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & region!= 3 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & region!= 4 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & region!= 5 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

***Original,  observation AFTER 1991 (RC 20); observations BEFORE 1991 (RC 21); excluding decades 60 (RC 22), 70 (RC 23), 80 (RC 24), 90(RC 25) & 2000 (RC 26)

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1, pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & year>1991 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & year<1991 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & year>=1970 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ///
& year!=1970 & year!=1971 & year!=1972 & year!=1973 & year!=1974 & year!=1975 & year!=1976 & year!=1977 & year!=1978 & year!=1979 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ///
& year!=1980 & year!=1981 & year!=1982 & year!=1983 & year!=1984 & year!=1985 & year!=1986 & year!=1987 & year!=1988 & year!=1989 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ///
& year!=1990 & year!=1991 & year!=1992 & year!=1993 & year!=1994 & year!=1995 & year!=1996 & year!=1997 & year!=1998 & year!=1999 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 & year<2000 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append



***** Original, lagged independent variables for endog(RC 27); 
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count   e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 , pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

***** Original, leaving one independent variable at a time with independent variable (RC 28)... 
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl  logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic  loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation  logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc  soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate  compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet  concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory  PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent  Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR  year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj  count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward  AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count   e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1   boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections  govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM  elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont  govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont  votebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append



***** Original, leaving one independent variable at a time with independent variables lagged (RC 29)... 

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic  loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation  logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc  soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate  compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet  concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory  PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent  Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR  year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj  count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward  AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count   e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1   boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections  ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM  ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont  ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont  ARvotebuyVDEMcont  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic logpopulation loggdppc logurbanrate soviet compulsory concurrent PR Maj year91onward count AR1  e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM ARgovintimidationVDEMcont ARelviolenceVDEMcont ARgovvspeopleviolenceVDEM   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append



*RC

*Magaloni et al (RC 30-33)
 
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont multiparty military monarchy   if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont multiparty military  singleparty if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont multiparty  monarchy singleparty if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont singleparty military monarchy if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

*Geddes et al (RC 30-33)

xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont militGeddes monarcGeddes partyGeddes  if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont militGeddes monarcGeddes  personalGeddes if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont militGeddes  partyGeddes personalGeddes if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont  monarcGeddes partyGeddes personalGeddes if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append

* authors could also consider NELDA variables of polling or using victory margins in prior elections. (RC 30-33)


xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel replace
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont polls if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont polls2 if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont ARcompeti if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
xtpcse turnoutNohl al_ethnic $sociodem2 $instipol5 year91onward count AR1 e_multiparty_elections boycotVDEM govintimidationVDEMcont elviolenceVDEMcont govvspeopleviolenceVDEM votebuyVDEMcont polls ARcompeti if  uds_mean<=0.4 & electype==1 ,pairwise co(ar1) het
outreg2 using test.doc, nolabel append
